The prevailing term in Nigeria today is “japa,” a Yoruba word meaning to flee, escape, or run away. The country is witnessing a significant exodus, particularly among professionals like doctors and nurses, who are seeking better opportunities abroad. This phenomenon, known as the “japa syndrome,” has led to concerns among politicians who are debating strategies to halt this outward migration, although a solution has yet to be found.
Hospitals in Nigeria are experiencing a distressing loss of qualified staff, as many doctors and nurses are leaving for countries such as America, Britain, Canada, the Gulf states, and other locations offering improved pay and working conditions. Over the past eight years, an estimated 5,600 doctors have migrated to Britain alone, leaving just 24,000 registered doctors to handle a rapidly growing population of approximately 220 million. The Association of Resident Doctors worries that 85% of those remaining may also be considering emigration.
MPs have voiced concerns about countries like America, Canada, and Saudi Arabia, which often recruit doctors from Nigerian cities, essentially exploiting the country’s subsidized medical education system to the detriment of the local population.
The government has made some attempts to encourage medical professionals to stay, including a parliamentary proposal to legally bind new doctors to remain in Nigeria for at least five years after qualification. Faced with a threat of a doctor’s strike if this measure were enforced, the government eventually withdrew the proposal.
Additionally, a considerable number of talented Nigerians are attempting to leave the country. The United Kingdom offers a “global talent” visa, initially valid for five years, and issues numerous student visas. Unfortunately, many visa recipients do not return home, while others, less fortunate, embark on perilous journeys across the Sahara desert, entrusting their lives to smugglers and traffickers in hopes of reaching Europe through hazardous Mediterranean voyages. Some tragically drown during these attempts, while others find themselves in the hands of Arab slavers in Libya or in deplorable detention camps across North Africa.
On a positive note, those who achieve success abroad contribute significantly to a substantial inflow of remittances. In the previous year, they sent back an estimated $20 billion, in addition to the $148 billion over the preceding seven years, surpassing the amount of foreign direct investment received.
In the short term, the desire to emigrate is so intense that governments are unable to prevent it. According to the Nigeria Social Cohesion Survey, a staggering 73% of Nigerians expressed the intention to leave in 2021, marking a substantial increase of 41 percentage points compared to the previous survey in 2019.
Given the widespread corruption, prevalent physical insecurity, a high annual inflation rate of 23%, and a significant 63% of adult Nigerians classified as “multidimensionally poor,” it comes as no surprise that the japa syndrome is more pervasive than ever before.
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